zeni.com.ar

CATTLE

PRODUCTION

IDIOMA

LOCATION

The company runs its forestry and cattle far-

ming operations in the department of Esquina

in the southwest of the province of Corrientes.

This is 70% located on provincial road 30 and

the rest on provincial road 59. Production ex-

tends over 35,000 hectares, of which 32,000

are owned and 3,000 are leased.

CLIMATE

The climate of the region is warm temperate. The

warmest month is December with average

temperatures of 27 C (80.6 F), average highs of 31

C (87.8 F) and average lows of 22 C (71.6 F). The

coldest month is July with average temperatures

of 14 C (57.2 F), average highs of 19 C (66.2 F) and

average lows of 9 C (48.2 F).

Our rainfall records for more than 50 years show

a historical average of 1270 mm with maximums

of 2080 mm and minimums of 670 mm (year

2022).

SOIL

The Chavarría series (Typic Psammaquent) soils occupy the largest surface area of the ﬁelds.

They are mostly sandy, gently undulating, and with low fertility levels, little organic matter and P

values ranging from 0.5 to 1 ppm.

Water runoff is slow to medium, permeability is moderately slow and drainage is imperfect to

moderate due to a subsurface layer of clay that also generates a false ground water table near

the surface.

This ground water table gives rise to numerous circular lagoons that ﬁll this environment.

These soils are suitable for livestock and forestry.

FORAGE RESOURCES AND LANDSCAPE FEATURES

In Esquina, Corrientes, cattle farming is carried out on sandy, gently rolling plains, with short

grass and permanent lagoons, and low ﬁelds formed by scrublands and marshes along streams

and rivers which ﬂood during part of the year.

Our forage resources are mainly natural ﬁelds with good quality grasses on sandy, gently rolling

plains, and medium quality grasses on low wetland ﬁelds. There are short grass species with

good forage quality such as Paspalum notatum and Sporobolus indicus, and long grasses such

as Paja colorada (Andropogon laterils) of low forage quality, Paja amarilla (Sorghastrum

setosum) and Paja mansa (Paspalum quadrifarium).

There is good diversity of leguminous plants of small size and low volume that complement the

good quality grasses.

Receptivity in high altitude ﬁelds is 0.65 EV/ha and in low altitude ﬁelds it is 0.4 EV/ha.

In high altitude ﬁelds, there are nearly 3,000 hectares of winter pastures (pure Setaria narok or

Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria humidicola) with a receptivity of 0.85 EV/ha.

PRODUCTION MODULES

The livestock farm is made up of 5 independent production modules:

· La Victoria

· Libertad

· San Vicente

· Capibara Cué

· Santa Bárbara.

The livestock team is formed by 49 people led by a production manager agronomist (Livestock

and Forestry) and two work areas each with a livestock manager, an agronomist and an

agricultural production technician, a Jr. veterinarian, an administrative ofﬁcer, 5 foremen, 25

farmhands (“peones”) and caretakers (“puesteros”), and 14 structure personnel.

We have a consulting team in Genetics (DVM Diego Grané), in Health and Breeding (DVM

Alejandro Brusca and DVM Mario Acosta), in Tick Control and Management (DVM Marcelo

Lavalle), and in Nutrition (Agronomists Dario Colombatto and Felipe Pereyra Yraola). Agr. Jorge

Esquivel is our comprehensive consultant.

FORESTRY IS DIVIDED INTO 5 OPERATIONAL AREAS:

· Vivero,

· Administración,

· Silvicultura

· Caminos

· Cosecha

We have a comprehensive consulting team

led by Agr. Jorge Esquivel, and a consultant in Nursery (

Omar Lopez) and in FSC Standards (Mario Ochoa).

PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Cattle raising is a complete cycle starting with

breeding, rebreeding of males and females, cow

wintering and breeding herd.

It is an extensive or semi-extensive activity carried out

on natural ﬁelds, pastures and winter annual grasses.

In these ﬁelds, livestock and forestry operations are

integrated in silvopastoral systems.

It is in high altitude ﬁelds, with sandy, gently rolling

plains suitable for forestry and good development of summer pastures and winter annual

grasses, where these two activities are combined.

Livestock activity is complemented with forestry in silvopastoral systems with a low tree density

planting system and a planting design of 2.5 m x 4 m paired rows and 12 m wide alleys, which

results in a symbiosis between both activities. In this setting animals enjoy the beneﬁt of shade in

summer, and pastures do not freeze in winter and do not dry out as quickly in summer because

of shade and lower evapotranspiration. And animals keep the volume of pasture low, reducing

the risk of ﬁre, the main problem of forestation.

In the 12 m wide alleys, pastures and winter annual grasses are grown.

HERD MANAGEMENT (BREEDING)

We have a breeding herd of 9,000 heads, 50% of which are Brangus (85% black Brangus and 15%

red Brangus) and the other 50% Braford.

Service is 75% in the spring, from October 1 to December 30. The remaining 25% is an early service

in autumn to 1st service heifers. This is for 18-month-old replacement heifers and takes place from

February 10 to April 10. In both cases, the service dates follow the natural curves of grass produc-

tion, the main resource used in this production system.

Historical pregnancies in spring services are around 85-87%. In order to achieve these values, we

must rely on lactation management, giving a differential treatment to cows with calves, depen-

ding on their reproductive status. An anestrus test is performed 60 days after calving and three

results are obtained: Cycling, where cows continue service with their calves at foot; Shallow

anestrus, where the calves born to these cows are weaned temporarily (“canned”) for 15 days. Fi-

nally, cows that are in Deep anestrus have their calves weaned when they are 60 days old and

weigh 70-80 kg (early weaning). This tool helps to maintain constant levels of reproductive indi-

cators.

In both spring and autumn services, artiﬁcial insemination techniques are implemented to incor-

porate genetics, accompanied by natural mating. Insemination is used for dry cow herds in the

breeding herd and in the general herd, while ﬁxed-time insemination (FTAI) is used for cattle in

the breeding herd with calves at foot.

Spring service calving occurs in July, August and September with a late calving in October. Early

service calving occurs in November and December.

During calving, calves are identiﬁed with different colored ear tags (renewed every two weeks),

in order to ensure good lactation management.

Conventional spring service weaning takes place at the end of February and beginning of March

at a weight of 180-190 kg. The weaning of the ﬁrst calf of the fall service is in May at a weight of

140-150 kg.

The herd is divided into General Herd and Breeding Herd, where the general herd is distributed in

4 of the 5 modules and the breeding herd is in the ﬁfth module (La Victoria).

There are 7,500 and 1,500 dams in the general herd and breeding herd, respectively.

40% of female calves are rebred for dam replacement, 30% are rebred for commercial service

and future sale of pregnant heifers, and the remaining 30% is destined for fattening and ﬁnishing

in the feedlot, and then sale to slaughterhouses.

5% of males are destined for replacement of bulls for subsequent replacement of parent bulls,

and for sale as breeding stock. The remaining 95% is destined for steers and ﬁnishing in feedlot.

REBREEDING OF FEMALES AND MALES

FOR REPLACEMENT OF DAMS AND SIRES

The rebreeding of females for replacement is basically carried out in a pasture system, starting at

weaning in autumn on summer pastures, for three months, with weight gains of 0.350

kg/head/day and 30 kg in autumn. Then at the beginning of winter they pass on to winter

pastures with 210 kg on June 1 until October 30 with 290 kg, with weight gains of 0.650

kg/head/day; and then back to summer pastures until reaching 330 kg in February, the weight

necessary to get the heifers pregnant at 18 months of age.

REBREEDING OF STEERS

Castrated males are rebred on summer pastures and winter annual grasses, a forage chain

similar to that of replacement animals. This category reaches 300 kg in the autumn following

weaning and is transferred to feedlots outside the farm for fattening for export.

Río Corriente

Río Paraná

Ayo. Sarandí

Ayo Sauce

Ayo. Avalos

Ayo. Barrancas

Ayo. Sarandicito

Ayo. Salinas

Ayo. Avalos

Río Corriente

Río Paraná

Río Corriente

Río Paraná

Río Corriente

Río Paraná

Río Corriente

Río Paraná

Río Corriente

Ayo. Avalos

0 1,500 3,000 4,500 6,000750

1 cm = 2,321 m

1:232,089

Dto. Cartografia Forestal

Enrique R Zeni & Cia. SACIAFeI

Ubicacion de Propiedades

Esquina - Corrientes

Referencias

La_Victoria

Llibertad

Santa_Maria_LI

Libertad_Nueva_EG

Libertad_Nueva

Los_Olivos_

Libertad Nueva P

PLT 2017 LN

Achiras

Capibara

El_Cerrito

El_Irupé

El_Rectangulo

El_Ubajay

El_Molino

Ex_Spala

La_Conquista

Libertad

San_Vicente

Santa Maria Completo

forestal sta barbara zeni

Forestal_SB_2015-2016

adremas generales

ZENI

CABAÑA LA VICTORIA

CABAÑA

LA VICTORIA

ESTABLECIMEINTO

LIBERTAD

The forestry team is formed by

40 people led by a production

manager agronomist

(Livestock and Forestry), a

forestry manager, and

supervisors in various

operational areas.

Superﬁcie

Forestal Has

Superﬁcie

SSP Has

Total

forestado

con Pino

1 La Victoria 2.313 690 3.004

2 Libertad 97 820 917

3 San Vicente 692 1.137 1.829

4 Capibara Cué 531 766 1.297

5 Santa Bárbara 462 2.005 2.467

Campos forestales 2.209 - 2.209

6.304 5.419 11.723

MODULOS

Superﬁcie

Total (has)

Superﬁcie

Ganadera

(has)

Acvida ganadera

Principal Cabezas

1 La Victoria 9.428 6.550 Cabaña, Rodeo plantel, recria de reproductores M y H, Plantel de donantes 3.650

2 Libertad 3.611 3.120 Recría Hembras Reposicion y venta, recría machos castrados, D precoz 5.900

3 San Vicente 9.120 7.500 Rodeo de cría General 6.300

4 Capibara Cué 3.659 1.659 Recría Hembras Reposicion y vacas Invernada 1.200

5 Santa Bárbara 5.635 3.900 Rodeo de cría General 3.200

Campos no ganaderos 3.615 - Solo forestación -

35.068 22.729 20.250

MODULOS